Chapter 12 homework

Chapter 12, Section

1. Because of immigration Northern Europe includes ethnically diverse and densely populated regions, such as the British Isles. Large numbers of European refugees, people who flee to another country for safety, settled in Great Britain.

2. Denmark and Ireland have temperate climates and fertile soil that historically have supported larger populations. Large areas of harsh terrain or climate have led people to live along the coast.

Creative Writing:
The people of northern Europe value caring for their population through education, quality of health care, and other social programs. Northern Europe has some of the world’s most educated populations. School is mandatory for 10 years causing a literacy rate of nearly 100 percent. Northern Europeans have excellent health care and are offered social welfare programs.

Chapter 12, Section 2

1. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the Franks established an empire across the region and accepted Roman Catholicism as their religion. The Frankish ruler Charlemagne expanded the Christian kingdom. Charlemagne’s system of land distribution became the basis of feudalism. Throughout history, power struggles for dominance between emperors, nobles, and popes plagued the Holy Roman Empire. European armies fought the Crusades (a series of brutal religious wars) to win Palestine (the birthplace of Christianity) from Muslim rule.

2. During World War II, German Nazi leader Hitler planned and carried out the Holocaust, which was the mass killing of more than 6 million European Jews. This drastically changed the population in western Europe. After World War II, German was divided into Communist East Germany and democratic West Germany.

Creative Writing:
Germany’s social welfare system is funded by the government (typical of western Europe). It provides its citizens with medical care, along with unemployment benefits and many other services. Because of all these services being provided by the government, the government could start to lose money and be unable to provide people with the same benefits.

Chapter 12, Section 3

1. Southern Europe has a long history of emigration because of the millions of southern Europeans that left for the Americas in the 1800s and 1900s. More recently, immigration has outpaced emigration. The majority of the population for Italy, Spain, and Portugal is Roman Catholic. Italy and Spain also has a growing Muslim population due to immigration.

2. Education is valued in southern Europe and is compulsory for all children. Governments fund all health-care programs and provide other social services in southern Europe. Soccer is the most popular sport among spectators and athletes in southern Europe.

Creative Writing:
Ancient Greeks, along with Romans developed many basic architectural elements, including columns, arches, and domes. Many of the world’s greatest works of art have come from southern Europe.