Chapter 14, Section 1
1. The land area of Russia is 6.6 million square miles, making Russia the world’s largest country.
2. Russia’s natural resources are petroleum, natural gas, nickel, aluminum, gemstones, and platinum-group metals.
Creative Writing: One-Fifth of the world’s forest lands lie in Russia. These forests are 2nd in the world in the amount of oxygen they are returning to the atmosphere. The oxygen produced by the forests is necessary to combat the affects of the rising carbon dioxide levels which are increasing Global Warming.
Chapter 14, Section 2
1. Russia’s major climates are tundra (covering 10 % of Russia), subarctic (Russia’s largest climate region), Humid Continental (most of Russia’s Northern European Plain and part of southern Siberia), and Steppe (between the Black and Caspian Seas north of the Caucasus Mountains and a band along Russia’s border with Kazakhstan).
2. The tundra is vast and treeless plain with only mosses, lichens, algae, and dwarf shrubs. The subarctic supports the taiga, a boreal, coniferous forest belt the covers 2/5 of western Russia and extends into Siberia. The humid continental contains mixed coniferous-deciduous forests and father south contains rich soil that make grasslands ideal for crop production. The steppe is a grassland area and has chernozem soil rich in organic matter that enables many plants to flourish.
Creative Writing:
June 1812
Russia’s brutal cold is a weapon of its own, paralyzing my limbs as I wake in the morning. The sun brings no warmth and no hope for food. We are struggling to end our suffering by returning home. Most have given up and have fallen, slipping into a deep sleep as they silently freeze to death. These fallen soldiers haunt my dreams chilling me along with the cold.
Wednesday, December 23, 2009
Sunday, December 13, 2009
Chapter 13 homework
Chapter 13, Section 1
1. Natural resources, people, and culture are 3 reasons major economic changes are taking place in Europe.
2. Since the fall of communism in 1989, eastern European countries have been moving from command economies to market economies. Private ownership of land and food production has risen. Yield and profits have increased through the use of modern equipment and fertilizers. Many laid-off workers were retrained, as industries tried to acquire new technology and adopt measures to reduce pollution. Cell phone use is increasing in eastern Europe.
Creative Writing:
I agree with this statement because Europe already has very efficient transportation systems. Europe’s network of highways, railroads, waterways, and airline routes is among the best in the world. Trade is very important in Europe and with it current transportation systems it will continue to flourish. Europe’s communications are not as advanced but are important to linking parts of Europe to one another and to the rest of the world.
Chapter 13, Section 2
1. Humans’ repeated misuse of the land has accelerated soil erosion in Europe. Activities such as over-farming, bad farming practices, removing too much vegetation, and overgrazing livestock lead to rapid erosion. Deforestation has reduced the amount of Europe covered in forests from 4/5 to 2/3. Air and water pollution, caused by industries, have damaged Europe’s ecosystems.
2. The European Union requires environmental protection and cleanup from its members. Many power plants now burn natural gas instead of lignite coal. By 2010 all EU member countries must lower emissions to 15% below the 1990 levels to reduce greenhouse gases.
Creative Writing:
I disagree with this statement. The pollution laws and controls put in place by the members of European Union are helping to protect the environment in Europe today and in the future. But, damage has already been done and efforts need to be put in place not only to protect the environment, but to also repair Europe’s damaged ecosystems.
1. Natural resources, people, and culture are 3 reasons major economic changes are taking place in Europe.
2. Since the fall of communism in 1989, eastern European countries have been moving from command economies to market economies. Private ownership of land and food production has risen. Yield and profits have increased through the use of modern equipment and fertilizers. Many laid-off workers were retrained, as industries tried to acquire new technology and adopt measures to reduce pollution. Cell phone use is increasing in eastern Europe.
Creative Writing:
I agree with this statement because Europe already has very efficient transportation systems. Europe’s network of highways, railroads, waterways, and airline routes is among the best in the world. Trade is very important in Europe and with it current transportation systems it will continue to flourish. Europe’s communications are not as advanced but are important to linking parts of Europe to one another and to the rest of the world.
Chapter 13, Section 2
1. Humans’ repeated misuse of the land has accelerated soil erosion in Europe. Activities such as over-farming, bad farming practices, removing too much vegetation, and overgrazing livestock lead to rapid erosion. Deforestation has reduced the amount of Europe covered in forests from 4/5 to 2/3. Air and water pollution, caused by industries, have damaged Europe’s ecosystems.
2. The European Union requires environmental protection and cleanup from its members. Many power plants now burn natural gas instead of lignite coal. By 2010 all EU member countries must lower emissions to 15% below the 1990 levels to reduce greenhouse gases.
Creative Writing:
I disagree with this statement. The pollution laws and controls put in place by the members of European Union are helping to protect the environment in Europe today and in the future. But, damage has already been done and efforts need to be put in place not only to protect the environment, but to also repair Europe’s damaged ecosystems.
Sunday, November 29, 2009
Chapter 12 homework
Chapter 12, Section
1. Because of immigration Northern Europe includes ethnically diverse and densely populated regions, such as the British Isles. Large numbers of European refugees, people who flee to another country for safety, settled in Great Britain.
2. Denmark and Ireland have temperate climates and fertile soil that historically have supported larger populations. Large areas of harsh terrain or climate have led people to live along the coast.
Creative Writing:
The people of northern Europe value caring for their population through education, quality of health care, and other social programs. Northern Europe has some of the world’s most educated populations. School is mandatory for 10 years causing a literacy rate of nearly 100 percent. Northern Europeans have excellent health care and are offered social welfare programs.
Chapter 12, Section 2
1. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the Franks established an empire across the region and accepted Roman Catholicism as their religion. The Frankish ruler Charlemagne expanded the Christian kingdom. Charlemagne’s system of land distribution became the basis of feudalism. Throughout history, power struggles for dominance between emperors, nobles, and popes plagued the Holy Roman Empire. European armies fought the Crusades (a series of brutal religious wars) to win Palestine (the birthplace of Christianity) from Muslim rule.
2. During World War II, German Nazi leader Hitler planned and carried out the Holocaust, which was the mass killing of more than 6 million European Jews. This drastically changed the population in western Europe. After World War II, German was divided into Communist East Germany and democratic West Germany.
Creative Writing:
Germany’s social welfare system is funded by the government (typical of western Europe). It provides its citizens with medical care, along with unemployment benefits and many other services. Because of all these services being provided by the government, the government could start to lose money and be unable to provide people with the same benefits.
Chapter 12, Section 3
1. Southern Europe has a long history of emigration because of the millions of southern Europeans that left for the Americas in the 1800s and 1900s. More recently, immigration has outpaced emigration. The majority of the population for Italy, Spain, and Portugal is Roman Catholic. Italy and Spain also has a growing Muslim population due to immigration.
2. Education is valued in southern Europe and is compulsory for all children. Governments fund all health-care programs and provide other social services in southern Europe. Soccer is the most popular sport among spectators and athletes in southern Europe.
Creative Writing:
Ancient Greeks, along with Romans developed many basic architectural elements, including columns, arches, and domes. Many of the world’s greatest works of art have come from southern Europe.
1. Because of immigration Northern Europe includes ethnically diverse and densely populated regions, such as the British Isles. Large numbers of European refugees, people who flee to another country for safety, settled in Great Britain.
2. Denmark and Ireland have temperate climates and fertile soil that historically have supported larger populations. Large areas of harsh terrain or climate have led people to live along the coast.
Creative Writing:
The people of northern Europe value caring for their population through education, quality of health care, and other social programs. Northern Europe has some of the world’s most educated populations. School is mandatory for 10 years causing a literacy rate of nearly 100 percent. Northern Europeans have excellent health care and are offered social welfare programs.
Chapter 12, Section 2
1. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the Franks established an empire across the region and accepted Roman Catholicism as their religion. The Frankish ruler Charlemagne expanded the Christian kingdom. Charlemagne’s system of land distribution became the basis of feudalism. Throughout history, power struggles for dominance between emperors, nobles, and popes plagued the Holy Roman Empire. European armies fought the Crusades (a series of brutal religious wars) to win Palestine (the birthplace of Christianity) from Muslim rule.
2. During World War II, German Nazi leader Hitler planned and carried out the Holocaust, which was the mass killing of more than 6 million European Jews. This drastically changed the population in western Europe. After World War II, German was divided into Communist East Germany and democratic West Germany.
Creative Writing:
Germany’s social welfare system is funded by the government (typical of western Europe). It provides its citizens with medical care, along with unemployment benefits and many other services. Because of all these services being provided by the government, the government could start to lose money and be unable to provide people with the same benefits.
Chapter 12, Section 3
1. Southern Europe has a long history of emigration because of the millions of southern Europeans that left for the Americas in the 1800s and 1900s. More recently, immigration has outpaced emigration. The majority of the population for Italy, Spain, and Portugal is Roman Catholic. Italy and Spain also has a growing Muslim population due to immigration.
2. Education is valued in southern Europe and is compulsory for all children. Governments fund all health-care programs and provide other social services in southern Europe. Soccer is the most popular sport among spectators and athletes in southern Europe.
Creative Writing:
Ancient Greeks, along with Romans developed many basic architectural elements, including columns, arches, and domes. Many of the world’s greatest works of art have come from southern Europe.
Chapter 11 homework
Chapter 11, Section 1
1. The Scandinavian Peninsula, in northern Europe, was affected by glaciation. The Alps have been affected by dry, winter winds (foehns) that blow down the mountain and cause avalanches. Many of Europe’s islands, such as Iceland, are created by tectonic or volcanic activity
2. Rivers are vital to Europe’s economy because they have enhanced natural waterways as transportation links by connecting navigable rivers with canals. This has increased the accessibility to water for parts of Europe. Rivers and canals also provide water for irrigation and electricity.
Creative Writing:
The Rhine River is the most important river in Western Europe. It connects many industrial cities to the port of Rotterdam on the North Sea. The Rhine River provides a link between inland areas and a link to the sea.
Chapter 11, Section 2
1. Europe’s Northern latitude and its proximity to the sea influence its climate and vegetation. Westerly winds and the presences if large mountain ranges also affect the climate.
2. Local winds in the midlatitude regions cause changes in the normal weather pattern. A strong north wind from the Alps (mistral) can send gusts of cold air into southern France. Hot, dry winds (siroccos) from North Africa can bring high temperatures.
Creative Writing:
In Dublin, Ireland the Gulf Stream and the North Atlantic Current bring warm waters from the Gulf of Mexico and other regions near the equator. This creates a marine west coast climate with mild winters, cool summers, and abundant rainfall. Duluth, Minnesota is surrounded by land and borders the Great Lakes. Ocean currents do not affect Minnesota, unlike Ireland, causing a cooler temperature because there is no current creating a warmer climate.
1. The Scandinavian Peninsula, in northern Europe, was affected by glaciation. The Alps have been affected by dry, winter winds (foehns) that blow down the mountain and cause avalanches. Many of Europe’s islands, such as Iceland, are created by tectonic or volcanic activity
2. Rivers are vital to Europe’s economy because they have enhanced natural waterways as transportation links by connecting navigable rivers with canals. This has increased the accessibility to water for parts of Europe. Rivers and canals also provide water for irrigation and electricity.
Creative Writing:
The Rhine River is the most important river in Western Europe. It connects many industrial cities to the port of Rotterdam on the North Sea. The Rhine River provides a link between inland areas and a link to the sea.
Chapter 11, Section 2
1. Europe’s Northern latitude and its proximity to the sea influence its climate and vegetation. Westerly winds and the presences if large mountain ranges also affect the climate.
2. Local winds in the midlatitude regions cause changes in the normal weather pattern. A strong north wind from the Alps (mistral) can send gusts of cold air into southern France. Hot, dry winds (siroccos) from North Africa can bring high temperatures.
Creative Writing:
In Dublin, Ireland the Gulf Stream and the North Atlantic Current bring warm waters from the Gulf of Mexico and other regions near the equator. This creates a marine west coast climate with mild winters, cool summers, and abundant rainfall. Duluth, Minnesota is surrounded by land and borders the Great Lakes. Ocean currents do not affect Minnesota, unlike Ireland, causing a cooler temperature because there is no current creating a warmer climate.
Monday, November 16, 2009
Chapter 10 homework
Chapter 10, Section 1
1.Agriculture, including cash crops such as coffee, bananas, sugarcane, and soybeans, is the basis of the economies of many Latin American countries. These cash crops are exported by Latin American countries to other countries.
2. Industry is still being developed in Latin America and is not heavily relied on. Since Latin American countries are so dependent on agriculture they run risks because they are depending on one or two export products. Droughts, floods, and volcanic eruptions can destroy crops, which could damage their economy
Creative Writing:
The North American Free Trade Agreement increased the flow of goods, services, and people. Trade increased and continues to grow between Mexico, North America, and Canada. In Mexico, the NAFTA has helped boost exports, increase international investment, and create new jobs. The poor people in Mexico do not feel like the NAFTA has benefited them as much as it has everyone else.
Chapter 10, Section 2
1. Deforestation and slash-and-burn farming, to make more room to grow and to prepare land for crops, have caused centuries-old rain forests to disappear in just a few years.
2. Rapid urban growth will create environmental challenges for Latin American cities. Rural workers migrate to cities and are forced to live in slums which are makeshift communities at the edges of cities. The slums are often destroyed by mud slides, floods, and other natural disasters. Disease spreads rapidly in slums because of unsanitary conditions.
Creative Writing:
Latin America has faced territorial conflicts over disputed regions involving strategic locations or the rights to valuable natural resources. Border wars divert resources that might be used for better development. Because of Latin America’s physical geography, it is vulnerable to natural disasters. They have been many devastating hurricanes in Central America and the Caribbean which destroyed houses and agriculture.
1.Agriculture, including cash crops such as coffee, bananas, sugarcane, and soybeans, is the basis of the economies of many Latin American countries. These cash crops are exported by Latin American countries to other countries.
2. Industry is still being developed in Latin America and is not heavily relied on. Since Latin American countries are so dependent on agriculture they run risks because they are depending on one or two export products. Droughts, floods, and volcanic eruptions can destroy crops, which could damage their economy
Creative Writing:
The North American Free Trade Agreement increased the flow of goods, services, and people. Trade increased and continues to grow between Mexico, North America, and Canada. In Mexico, the NAFTA has helped boost exports, increase international investment, and create new jobs. The poor people in Mexico do not feel like the NAFTA has benefited them as much as it has everyone else.
Chapter 10, Section 2
1. Deforestation and slash-and-burn farming, to make more room to grow and to prepare land for crops, have caused centuries-old rain forests to disappear in just a few years.
2. Rapid urban growth will create environmental challenges for Latin American cities. Rural workers migrate to cities and are forced to live in slums which are makeshift communities at the edges of cities. The slums are often destroyed by mud slides, floods, and other natural disasters. Disease spreads rapidly in slums because of unsanitary conditions.
Creative Writing:
Latin America has faced territorial conflicts over disputed regions involving strategic locations or the rights to valuable natural resources. Border wars divert resources that might be used for better development. Because of Latin America’s physical geography, it is vulnerable to natural disasters. They have been many devastating hurricanes in Central America and the Caribbean which destroyed houses and agriculture.
Sunday, November 8, 2009
Chapter 9 homework
Chapter 9, Section 1
1. The Maya established cites and built terraces, courts and temples. They developed accurate calendars and used astronomical observations to predict solar eclipses. The Aztec civilization established their capital, which is now Mexico City.
2. After gaining independence from Spain, Mexico’s political and economic power remained in the hands of a small group or wealthy landowners, army officers, and clergy. After power struggles, with the backing of military forces and wealthy landowners, caudillos (dictators) became absolute rulers. A constitution in 1917 established Mexico as a federal republic and separated powers into three branches, executive, legislative, and judicial.
Creative Writing:
Mexico’s national sport, bullfighting came from Spanish roots to Mexico when Spanish conquistadors traveled to Latin America. Baseball is thought to come to Mexico from American soldiers. People are also passionate about soccer which may have originated in Japan.
Chapter 9, Section 2
1. Roman Catholicism is the dominant religion.
2. Africans, mixed ethnic groups, Natives, Europeans, and Asians make up the population.
Creative Writing:
While exploring Panama, he realized there was an ocean similar to the Atlantic Ocean on the other side, which is now known as the Pacific Ocean. Later people thought of building a waterway that would create a shortcut between the 2 oceans.
Chapter 9, Section 3
1. Migration has led South America to become disproportionately urban.
2. Stable economies and high standards of living most determine the quality of health care.
Creative Writing:
I would not want to move from a rural area to a city in South America. The cities are densely populated and too crowded and hectic. Finding a job would be harder because so many other people are fighting for the same job.
1. The Maya established cites and built terraces, courts and temples. They developed accurate calendars and used astronomical observations to predict solar eclipses. The Aztec civilization established their capital, which is now Mexico City.
2. After gaining independence from Spain, Mexico’s political and economic power remained in the hands of a small group or wealthy landowners, army officers, and clergy. After power struggles, with the backing of military forces and wealthy landowners, caudillos (dictators) became absolute rulers. A constitution in 1917 established Mexico as a federal republic and separated powers into three branches, executive, legislative, and judicial.
Creative Writing:
Mexico’s national sport, bullfighting came from Spanish roots to Mexico when Spanish conquistadors traveled to Latin America. Baseball is thought to come to Mexico from American soldiers. People are also passionate about soccer which may have originated in Japan.
Chapter 9, Section 2
1. Roman Catholicism is the dominant religion.
2. Africans, mixed ethnic groups, Natives, Europeans, and Asians make up the population.
Creative Writing:
While exploring Panama, he realized there was an ocean similar to the Atlantic Ocean on the other side, which is now known as the Pacific Ocean. Later people thought of building a waterway that would create a shortcut between the 2 oceans.
Chapter 9, Section 3
1. Migration has led South America to become disproportionately urban.
2. Stable economies and high standards of living most determine the quality of health care.
Creative Writing:
I would not want to move from a rural area to a city in South America. The cities are densely populated and too crowded and hectic. Finding a job would be harder because so many other people are fighting for the same job.
Sunday, November 1, 2009
Chapter 8 homework
Chapter 8, Section 1
1.Geographers divide Latin America into three sub-regions-Middle America (Mexico to Panama), the Caribbean, and South America.
2. Major deposits of oil and natural gas lie in the mountain valleys or in offshore areas along the Gulf of Mexico and the southern Caribbean Sea. These resources have helped boost the economies of Mexico and Venezuela.
Creative Writing:
Parts of the Amazon are navigable, with oceangoing ships traveling upstream from the Atlantic coast. The Parana, Paraguay, and Uruguay Rivers provide important commercial water routes between cities and hydroelectric power. The Panama Canal allows ships to travel between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
Chapter 8, Section 2
1.Tropical Wet, Tropical Dry, Humid Subtropical, and dry climates are represented in Latin America.
2. The elevation within climate regions affects the weather and the type of vegetation within the region. The higher the elevation the colder and less dense regions become.
Creative Writing:
The temperature is around 70 degrees; we had just left the coastal areas and foothills and are now surrounded by broad-leafed and needle-bearing evergreens, many coffee bean and corn fields surround us.
1.Geographers divide Latin America into three sub-regions-Middle America (Mexico to Panama), the Caribbean, and South America.
2. Major deposits of oil and natural gas lie in the mountain valleys or in offshore areas along the Gulf of Mexico and the southern Caribbean Sea. These resources have helped boost the economies of Mexico and Venezuela.
Creative Writing:
Parts of the Amazon are navigable, with oceangoing ships traveling upstream from the Atlantic coast. The Parana, Paraguay, and Uruguay Rivers provide important commercial water routes between cities and hydroelectric power. The Panama Canal allows ships to travel between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
Chapter 8, Section 2
1.Tropical Wet, Tropical Dry, Humid Subtropical, and dry climates are represented in Latin America.
2. The elevation within climate regions affects the weather and the type of vegetation within the region. The higher the elevation the colder and less dense regions become.
Creative Writing:
The temperature is around 70 degrees; we had just left the coastal areas and foothills and are now surrounded by broad-leafed and needle-bearing evergreens, many coffee bean and corn fields surround us.
Sunday, October 25, 2009
Chapter 7 homework
Chapter 7, Section 1
1. Postindustrial economies put less emphasis on heavy industries and traditional manufacturing and more on service and high-tech businesses. High-tech industries are less dependent on location so that most locations are influenced by weather and nearby-housing. About 75 % of workers are employed in service jobs (government, education, health care, and banking). Many service jobs are located in the central business district of urban areas where the high concentration of office building and retail shops is easily accessible from industrial areas and the suburbs.
2. Expanded trade between countries has led to a global economy which is the merging of economies in which counties are interconnected and become dependent on one another for goods and services. The United States and Canada are involved in trade agreements such as the North American Free Trade Agreement that also includes Mexico, which eliminated trade barriers, increased economic activity, and strengthened their political and economical positions in the global economy. The United States and Canada created the Smart Border action plan to enhance border security.
Creative Writing:
The United States and Canada have market economies which allow people to own, operate, and profit from their own businesses. It allows businesses to hire employees and pay them for their work. Both countries are developing postindustrial economies, which place less emphasis on heavy industry and traditional manufacturing and more emphasis on service and high-tech businesses. A businesses’ ability to hire employees helps the growth and prosperity of service industries. A global economy is the merging of economies in which countries are interconnected and become dependent on one another for goods and services.
Because the world’s economies are interdependent if one country’s economy begins to fail all other economies will be affected and altered.
Chapter 7, Section 2
1. Clear-cutting, which is the taking out of whole forests when harvesting timber, should be eliminate. Once eliminated old-growth forests would not be destroyed and wildlife would be less endangered. Wetlands should be more protected under law to defend against pollution and human interference. People should be more aware of the affects of overfishing and should be limited to the amount of fish allowed to be caught.
2. Industrial development in the United States and Canada has led to an increase in human-made population. Acid rain is formed when cars, power plants, and factories release chemical emissions such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide that react with the water vapor in the air. It corrodes stone and metal buildings, damages crops, and pollutes soil. It especially damages the region’s waters because plant life and fish cannot survive in highly acidic waters. Smog is also created by the same chemicals that create acid rain. When the sun’s rays interact with these chemicals it forms a visible haze that damages and kills plants and harms people’s eyes, throats, and lungs.
Creative Writing:
The part of the pipeline that is elevated is at some point supported by the permafrost and once it melts supports will become weak and will break leading to the destruction of the pipeline. The part of the pipeline that is frozen underground will become heated and will probably become elevated because once the permafrost melts the land will be less elevated.
1. Postindustrial economies put less emphasis on heavy industries and traditional manufacturing and more on service and high-tech businesses. High-tech industries are less dependent on location so that most locations are influenced by weather and nearby-housing. About 75 % of workers are employed in service jobs (government, education, health care, and banking). Many service jobs are located in the central business district of urban areas where the high concentration of office building and retail shops is easily accessible from industrial areas and the suburbs.
2. Expanded trade between countries has led to a global economy which is the merging of economies in which counties are interconnected and become dependent on one another for goods and services. The United States and Canada are involved in trade agreements such as the North American Free Trade Agreement that also includes Mexico, which eliminated trade barriers, increased economic activity, and strengthened their political and economical positions in the global economy. The United States and Canada created the Smart Border action plan to enhance border security.
Creative Writing:
The United States and Canada have market economies which allow people to own, operate, and profit from their own businesses. It allows businesses to hire employees and pay them for their work. Both countries are developing postindustrial economies, which place less emphasis on heavy industry and traditional manufacturing and more emphasis on service and high-tech businesses. A businesses’ ability to hire employees helps the growth and prosperity of service industries. A global economy is the merging of economies in which countries are interconnected and become dependent on one another for goods and services.
Because the world’s economies are interdependent if one country’s economy begins to fail all other economies will be affected and altered.
Chapter 7, Section 2
1. Clear-cutting, which is the taking out of whole forests when harvesting timber, should be eliminate. Once eliminated old-growth forests would not be destroyed and wildlife would be less endangered. Wetlands should be more protected under law to defend against pollution and human interference. People should be more aware of the affects of overfishing and should be limited to the amount of fish allowed to be caught.
2. Industrial development in the United States and Canada has led to an increase in human-made population. Acid rain is formed when cars, power plants, and factories release chemical emissions such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide that react with the water vapor in the air. It corrodes stone and metal buildings, damages crops, and pollutes soil. It especially damages the region’s waters because plant life and fish cannot survive in highly acidic waters. Smog is also created by the same chemicals that create acid rain. When the sun’s rays interact with these chemicals it forms a visible haze that damages and kills plants and harms people’s eyes, throats, and lungs.
Creative Writing:
The part of the pipeline that is elevated is at some point supported by the permafrost and once it melts supports will become weak and will break leading to the destruction of the pipeline. The part of the pipeline that is frozen underground will become heated and will probably become elevated because once the permafrost melts the land will be less elevated.
Sunday, October 18, 2009
Chapter 6 homework
Chapter 6, Section 1
1. The Northeast and the Great Lakes regions are densely populated because they are historic centers of American commerce and industry. There is a population cluster along the Pacific coast because it attracts people looking for a mild climate and economic opportunities. The subarctic region of Alaska, the Great Basin, and parts of the arid Great Plains are the least densely populated areas of the county. The Sunbelt area, California, Arizona, and New Mexico, draws people to its growing manufacturing, service, and tourism industries and draws immigrants from Mexico and the Caribbean.
2. Language, religion, education, and the arts have been influence by the immigrant roots of the United States.
Creative Writing:
After arriving in the New York harbor Bill traveled South to begin a job in agriculture. At first he was just a worker at a cotton plantation but soon owned his own land. He started his own plantation with his wife growing corn and wheat and became a wealthy man. As he aged he became more sympathetic to his African American workers and treated them as family. As soon as he became too weak to run his plantation he handed it over to his oldest son who ran it as efficiently as his father.
Chapter 6, Section 2
1. The discovery of oil and natural gas encouraged people to move west to the Prairie Provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta.
2. Immigrants from Great Britain brought the English language to most of Canada. In Quebec French is the dominate language, brought by French settlers. Other languages spoken include German, Italian, Chinese, and many native languages such as the language of the Inuit. Christians make up the largest religious group in Canada. Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, Judaism, and Sikhism reflect the nation’s diverse immigrant populations.
Creative Writing:
Canada would probably also be part of the British Empire along with the American colonies and would not have become a dominion. Canada would not have expanded and become as diverse as it is now because immigration would be less welcome.
1. The Northeast and the Great Lakes regions are densely populated because they are historic centers of American commerce and industry. There is a population cluster along the Pacific coast because it attracts people looking for a mild climate and economic opportunities. The subarctic region of Alaska, the Great Basin, and parts of the arid Great Plains are the least densely populated areas of the county. The Sunbelt area, California, Arizona, and New Mexico, draws people to its growing manufacturing, service, and tourism industries and draws immigrants from Mexico and the Caribbean.
2. Language, religion, education, and the arts have been influence by the immigrant roots of the United States.
Creative Writing:
After arriving in the New York harbor Bill traveled South to begin a job in agriculture. At first he was just a worker at a cotton plantation but soon owned his own land. He started his own plantation with his wife growing corn and wheat and became a wealthy man. As he aged he became more sympathetic to his African American workers and treated them as family. As soon as he became too weak to run his plantation he handed it over to his oldest son who ran it as efficiently as his father.
Chapter 6, Section 2
1. The discovery of oil and natural gas encouraged people to move west to the Prairie Provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta.
2. Immigrants from Great Britain brought the English language to most of Canada. In Quebec French is the dominate language, brought by French settlers. Other languages spoken include German, Italian, Chinese, and many native languages such as the language of the Inuit. Christians make up the largest religious group in Canada. Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, Judaism, and Sikhism reflect the nation’s diverse immigrant populations.
Creative Writing:
Canada would probably also be part of the British Empire along with the American colonies and would not have become a dominion. Canada would not have expanded and become as diverse as it is now because immigration would be less welcome.
Sunday, October 11, 2009
chapter 5 homework
Chapter 5, Section 1
1. Niagara Falls has been a major source of hydroelectric power for the United States and Canada. Many large rivers such as the Mississippi and the St. Lawrence River have become commercial waterways and are depended on for trade.
2. Near the Great Lakes there are large deposits of coal, iron, and other minerals that favored the development of industries and urban growth in the area. The Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Seaway system has provided a link between inland and coastal waterways that has been crucial to the economic development of North America.
Creative Writing:
Once leaving Virginia you would be able to see the Appalachian Mountains, North America’s oldest mountains. Once near Central America you would see one of North America’s largest rivers, the Mississippi River. Soon you would fly over the Rocky Mountains, which connect the United Stated to Canada. Before reaching the Pacific Ranges you would fly over the Columbia Plateau, which separates the Pacific Ranges from the Rockies.
Chapter 5, Section 2
1. In the United States and Canada there are humid subtropical, tropical wet, steppe, desert, Mediterranean, humid continental, highland, marine west coast, subarctic, tundra, and ice cap climates.
2. Dry Santa Ana winds cause widespread brush fires in hills around Los Angeles and Oakland. In the Great Plains and the eastern U.S, violent spring and summer thunderstorms called supercells often spawn tornadoes. In northern North America winter blizzards cause heavy winds and snow, and little visibility.
Creative Writing:
Being closer to the Atlantic Ocean and at a higher elevation, Pennsylvania has humid continental climate with humid and hot summers and cold winters. Salt Lake City is much further away from the coast and is at a lower elevation causing a drier and hot desert climate.
1. Niagara Falls has been a major source of hydroelectric power for the United States and Canada. Many large rivers such as the Mississippi and the St. Lawrence River have become commercial waterways and are depended on for trade.
2. Near the Great Lakes there are large deposits of coal, iron, and other minerals that favored the development of industries and urban growth in the area. The Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Seaway system has provided a link between inland and coastal waterways that has been crucial to the economic development of North America.
Creative Writing:
Once leaving Virginia you would be able to see the Appalachian Mountains, North America’s oldest mountains. Once near Central America you would see one of North America’s largest rivers, the Mississippi River. Soon you would fly over the Rocky Mountains, which connect the United Stated to Canada. Before reaching the Pacific Ranges you would fly over the Columbia Plateau, which separates the Pacific Ranges from the Rockies.
Chapter 5, Section 2
1. In the United States and Canada there are humid subtropical, tropical wet, steppe, desert, Mediterranean, humid continental, highland, marine west coast, subarctic, tundra, and ice cap climates.
2. Dry Santa Ana winds cause widespread brush fires in hills around Los Angeles and Oakland. In the Great Plains and the eastern U.S, violent spring and summer thunderstorms called supercells often spawn tornadoes. In northern North America winter blizzards cause heavy winds and snow, and little visibility.
Creative Writing:
Being closer to the Atlantic Ocean and at a higher elevation, Pennsylvania has humid continental climate with humid and hot summers and cold winters. Salt Lake City is much further away from the coast and is at a lower elevation causing a drier and hot desert climate.
Sunday, October 4, 2009
Chapter 4 homework
Chapter 4, Section 2
1. Language, religion, daily life, history, art, government, and economy define a culture.
2. Both the Industrial Revolution, which caused economic and social changes, and the Information Revolution, which allowed information to travel faster than ever before, have affected interaction between cultures.
Creative Writing :
My morning would be the same as always: wake up, eat breakfast, get ready for school, and get dropped off. At school class would be different: there would be no power points, instead everything would be a verbal discussion. After school I would not be able to check what my homework on the computer, I would have had to written it down during school. I would not be able to email my friends; instead I would probably call them if I need help. I would eat dinner, watch TV and then go to bed.
Chapter 4, Section 3
1. An autocracy allows the power and authority to rule belong to a single individual. An oligarchy allows a small group of people to hold power, getting power from wealth, military power, or social position. A democracy is a system of government in which leaders rule with the consent of the citizens. In a democracy people hold sovereign power.
2. A traditional economy allows habit and custom to determine the rules for all economic activity. In a market economy, individuals and private groups make decision about what to produce. People choose what products they will buy and business make more of what people will want. Instead of having a pure market economy, many have a mixed economy where the government supports and regulates free enterprise through decisions the affect the market place. In a command economy, the government owns or directs the means of production (land, labor, machinery and factories, and business managers) and controls the distribution of goods.
Creative Writing:
In a democracy we are given the right to influence decisions made by the government. We are represented by people we have elected and believe will make the best decisions. Unfortunately once a person is in office they do not always act upon their promises and the people have no control over this. Being in a market economy we are given control and influence over the economy and the products we purchase. Since we live in a mixed economy some of that control is taken away by the government.
Chapter 4, Section 4
1. Most natural resources are not evenly distributed; this affects the global economy and allows countries to specialize in the economic activities best suited to their resources. Countries export their specialized products, trading them to other countries that cannot produce those goods. When countries need a certain good they import it from another country.
2. Economic activities have led to pollution, the release if unclean or toxic elements into the air, water, and land. The main source of air pollution is the burning of fossil fuels by industries and vehicles.
Creative Writing:
I disagree with this statement because if developing countries become reliant on fossil fuels it is going to be harder for them to replace them once they become a developed country. This will cause the amount of fossil fuels to deteriorate causing many economies to fall.
1. Language, religion, daily life, history, art, government, and economy define a culture.
2. Both the Industrial Revolution, which caused economic and social changes, and the Information Revolution, which allowed information to travel faster than ever before, have affected interaction between cultures.
Creative Writing :
My morning would be the same as always: wake up, eat breakfast, get ready for school, and get dropped off. At school class would be different: there would be no power points, instead everything would be a verbal discussion. After school I would not be able to check what my homework on the computer, I would have had to written it down during school. I would not be able to email my friends; instead I would probably call them if I need help. I would eat dinner, watch TV and then go to bed.
Chapter 4, Section 3
1. An autocracy allows the power and authority to rule belong to a single individual. An oligarchy allows a small group of people to hold power, getting power from wealth, military power, or social position. A democracy is a system of government in which leaders rule with the consent of the citizens. In a democracy people hold sovereign power.
2. A traditional economy allows habit and custom to determine the rules for all economic activity. In a market economy, individuals and private groups make decision about what to produce. People choose what products they will buy and business make more of what people will want. Instead of having a pure market economy, many have a mixed economy where the government supports and regulates free enterprise through decisions the affect the market place. In a command economy, the government owns or directs the means of production (land, labor, machinery and factories, and business managers) and controls the distribution of goods.
Creative Writing:
In a democracy we are given the right to influence decisions made by the government. We are represented by people we have elected and believe will make the best decisions. Unfortunately once a person is in office they do not always act upon their promises and the people have no control over this. Being in a market economy we are given control and influence over the economy and the products we purchase. Since we live in a mixed economy some of that control is taken away by the government.
Chapter 4, Section 4
1. Most natural resources are not evenly distributed; this affects the global economy and allows countries to specialize in the economic activities best suited to their resources. Countries export their specialized products, trading them to other countries that cannot produce those goods. When countries need a certain good they import it from another country.
2. Economic activities have led to pollution, the release if unclean or toxic elements into the air, water, and land. The main source of air pollution is the burning of fossil fuels by industries and vehicles.
Creative Writing:
I disagree with this statement because if developing countries become reliant on fossil fuels it is going to be harder for them to replace them once they become a developed country. This will cause the amount of fossil fuels to deteriorate causing many economies to fall.
Sunday, September 27, 2009
Chapter 3 homework
Chapter 3, Section 1
1. Earth’s tilt causes certain areas to receive more direct sunlight that other places. This causes areas with more direct sunlight to have warmer temperatures than areas that receive little direct sunlight. Earth’s revolution and its tilt changes that amount of sunlight that reaches different locations, causing different seasons.
2.Global warming could cause water to evaporate more quickly from the oceans, increasing humidity and rain. Water evaporation from soil with cause land to dry out more quickly and the air will become more polluted.
Creative Writing: I do not believe global warming is a natural process. As the population rates have increases so has the temperatures and the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere. Human activities such as burning coal and oil are releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, trapping heat. If people would decrease the amount of destructive actions they are taking against the Earth global warming would decrease too.
Chapter 3, Section 2
1. Within each latitude zone, climate follows general patterns. Places in the low latitudes have a warm or hot climate, areas in the high latitudes do not receive direct sunlight and have a cooler climate, and midlatitudes have a temperate climate that ranges from fairly hot to fairly cold. Earth’s atmosphere thins as altitude increases causing temperature to decrease, regardless of latitude.
2. Wind patterns, such as the polar easterlies, push cold air toward the midlatitudes. At the equator global winds are diverted leaving a windless band called the doldrums causing still, hot weather. Ocean currents affect the climate in the coastal lands along which they flow. Cold ocean currents cool the lands they pass and warm ocean currents bring warmth. Mountain ranges cause the windward side of a mountain to be cooler and more humid while the leeward side tends to be warm and drier.
Creative Writing:
The European climate would become much colder and drier without the current forcing Europeans to adapt.
Chapter 3, Section 3
1. Geographers classify the climate regions as tropical, midlatitude, high latitude, and highland. They then divide these major regions into smaller ones that have their own characteristic soils and natural vegetation.
2. Human interaction with the environment influences the climate over time. Burning fossil fuels releases gases that mix with water in the air causing acid rain. Acid rain destroys forests which can lead to a climatic change.
Creative Writing:
I live in a marine west coast climate where ocean winds bring cool summers and cool, damp winters. There are mixed forests that consist of coniferous and deciduous trees.
1. Earth’s tilt causes certain areas to receive more direct sunlight that other places. This causes areas with more direct sunlight to have warmer temperatures than areas that receive little direct sunlight. Earth’s revolution and its tilt changes that amount of sunlight that reaches different locations, causing different seasons.
2.Global warming could cause water to evaporate more quickly from the oceans, increasing humidity and rain. Water evaporation from soil with cause land to dry out more quickly and the air will become more polluted.
Creative Writing: I do not believe global warming is a natural process. As the population rates have increases so has the temperatures and the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere. Human activities such as burning coal and oil are releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, trapping heat. If people would decrease the amount of destructive actions they are taking against the Earth global warming would decrease too.
Chapter 3, Section 2
1. Within each latitude zone, climate follows general patterns. Places in the low latitudes have a warm or hot climate, areas in the high latitudes do not receive direct sunlight and have a cooler climate, and midlatitudes have a temperate climate that ranges from fairly hot to fairly cold. Earth’s atmosphere thins as altitude increases causing temperature to decrease, regardless of latitude.
2. Wind patterns, such as the polar easterlies, push cold air toward the midlatitudes. At the equator global winds are diverted leaving a windless band called the doldrums causing still, hot weather. Ocean currents affect the climate in the coastal lands along which they flow. Cold ocean currents cool the lands they pass and warm ocean currents bring warmth. Mountain ranges cause the windward side of a mountain to be cooler and more humid while the leeward side tends to be warm and drier.
Creative Writing:
The European climate would become much colder and drier without the current forcing Europeans to adapt.
Chapter 3, Section 3
1. Geographers classify the climate regions as tropical, midlatitude, high latitude, and highland. They then divide these major regions into smaller ones that have their own characteristic soils and natural vegetation.
2. Human interaction with the environment influences the climate over time. Burning fossil fuels releases gases that mix with water in the air causing acid rain. Acid rain destroys forests which can lead to a climatic change.
Creative Writing:
I live in a marine west coast climate where ocean winds bring cool summers and cool, damp winters. There are mixed forests that consist of coniferous and deciduous trees.
Sunday, September 20, 2009
Chapter 2 homework
Chapter 2 Section 1
1. Earth’s surface is composed of water such as oceans, lakes, and rivers and land including continents and islands. Land makes up part of Earth called the lithosphere and water makes up the hydrosphere. Earth’s landforms include mountain ranges, cliffs, valleys, and trenches on land and the ocean floor.
2. Mount Everest in South Asia is 29,028 feet above sea level, the greatest distance on Earth above sea level.
Creative Writing:
Some meteoroids and comets do not have any effects on Earth because they dissolve in the atmosphere. But many objects can impact the earth’s crust, changing the surface permanently. Debris from the impact can enter the atmosphere causing temporary, but not a permanent change that can affect earth’s air quality sometimes leading to death. One of the most memorable meteoroids is the one that caused the extinction of the dinosaurs. This undeniably had a long term effect on Earth’s biosphere, lithosphere, and atmosphere.
Chapter 2, Section 2
1. Plate tectonics, refers to all the physical processes that create many of Earth’s physical features. They are possibly caused by heat rising from Earth’s core causing currents within the mantel which Earth’s crust “floats upon”. These currents may cause the plates to shift which can lead to plates colliding, pulling apart, and grinding together. This can lead to the formation of mountains, volcanoes, and trenches that alter Earth’s physical appearance.
2. Internal forces seem to create more landmasses, such as islands, mountains, and volcanoes and external forces seem to erode much of Earth’s surface. Internal forces seem to be led by intense heat, such as magma and external forces seem to be led by coldness, such as ice from glaciers.
Creative Writing:
The North American plate has been forced against the Pacific Plate creating mountains, volcanoes and faults, such as the San Andreas. Plate movements have led to earthquakes and possibly tsunamis along the western coast effecting humans and Earth. Hotspots have created the famous hot springs in Yellowstone National Park and have created the Hawaiian Islands.
1. Earth’s surface is composed of water such as oceans, lakes, and rivers and land including continents and islands. Land makes up part of Earth called the lithosphere and water makes up the hydrosphere. Earth’s landforms include mountain ranges, cliffs, valleys, and trenches on land and the ocean floor.
2. Mount Everest in South Asia is 29,028 feet above sea level, the greatest distance on Earth above sea level.
Creative Writing:
Some meteoroids and comets do not have any effects on Earth because they dissolve in the atmosphere. But many objects can impact the earth’s crust, changing the surface permanently. Debris from the impact can enter the atmosphere causing temporary, but not a permanent change that can affect earth’s air quality sometimes leading to death. One of the most memorable meteoroids is the one that caused the extinction of the dinosaurs. This undeniably had a long term effect on Earth’s biosphere, lithosphere, and atmosphere.
Chapter 2, Section 2
1. Plate tectonics, refers to all the physical processes that create many of Earth’s physical features. They are possibly caused by heat rising from Earth’s core causing currents within the mantel which Earth’s crust “floats upon”. These currents may cause the plates to shift which can lead to plates colliding, pulling apart, and grinding together. This can lead to the formation of mountains, volcanoes, and trenches that alter Earth’s physical appearance.
2. Internal forces seem to create more landmasses, such as islands, mountains, and volcanoes and external forces seem to erode much of Earth’s surface. Internal forces seem to be led by intense heat, such as magma and external forces seem to be led by coldness, such as ice from glaciers.
Creative Writing:
The North American plate has been forced against the Pacific Plate creating mountains, volcanoes and faults, such as the San Andreas. Plate movements have led to earthquakes and possibly tsunamis along the western coast effecting humans and Earth. Hotspots have created the famous hot springs in Yellowstone National Park and have created the Hawaiian Islands.
Sunday, September 13, 2009
Chapter 1, Section 1
1.Cartographers must take into account the use of the map, such as being used for sea travel (in which case a Mercator Projection would be the most useful) or for other reasons such as comparing the size and shape of Earth’s landmasses (where Goode’s Interrupted Equal-Area Projection would be appropriate). On most world map projections the Earth’s Poles are greatly distorted but nearer to the equator size is more accurate, this adds to a Cartographers concern of the accuracy of Earth’s distances and sizes of land areas when selecting a map projection.
2. A typical urban-area map should show water features such as rivers, lakes, and streams and land forms such as mountains and valleys to represent physical features. Human-made features could consist of cities, roads, and capitals. The locations of countries and states and their boundaries would be used to show political features.
Creative Writing:
Population rates, earthquake-prone areas, major streets and highways, surrounding neighborhoods and schools would be useful features to show on a map.
Chapter 1, Section 2
1. The major branches of geography are Physical Geography and Human Geography. Physical Geography focuses on climate, land, water, plants, and animal life and their relationships to each other and humans. Human Geography is the study of human activities and focuses on political, economic, social, and cultural factors and their relationship to the cultural and physical environments.
2. Geography is used to provide insight into how things developed in the past, interprets current trends for future planning, and determine whether an area is suitable for humans.
Creative Writing:
Huntington Beach is a seaside city along the Pacific Ocean known for its unique waves and mild climate. Huntington Beach is built upon a natural fault structure containing oil. Near the beach there are wetlands, home to many species of birds, protected by the Bolsa Chica Ecological Reserve. Construction along the beach is prohibited without the vote of the people to keep a natural tie to the ocean.
1.Cartographers must take into account the use of the map, such as being used for sea travel (in which case a Mercator Projection would be the most useful) or for other reasons such as comparing the size and shape of Earth’s landmasses (where Goode’s Interrupted Equal-Area Projection would be appropriate). On most world map projections the Earth’s Poles are greatly distorted but nearer to the equator size is more accurate, this adds to a Cartographers concern of the accuracy of Earth’s distances and sizes of land areas when selecting a map projection.
2. A typical urban-area map should show water features such as rivers, lakes, and streams and land forms such as mountains and valleys to represent physical features. Human-made features could consist of cities, roads, and capitals. The locations of countries and states and their boundaries would be used to show political features.
Creative Writing:
Population rates, earthquake-prone areas, major streets and highways, surrounding neighborhoods and schools would be useful features to show on a map.
Chapter 1, Section 2
1. The major branches of geography are Physical Geography and Human Geography. Physical Geography focuses on climate, land, water, plants, and animal life and their relationships to each other and humans. Human Geography is the study of human activities and focuses on political, economic, social, and cultural factors and their relationship to the cultural and physical environments.
2. Geography is used to provide insight into how things developed in the past, interprets current trends for future planning, and determine whether an area is suitable for humans.
Creative Writing:
Huntington Beach is a seaside city along the Pacific Ocean known for its unique waves and mild climate. Huntington Beach is built upon a natural fault structure containing oil. Near the beach there are wetlands, home to many species of birds, protected by the Bolsa Chica Ecological Reserve. Construction along the beach is prohibited without the vote of the people to keep a natural tie to the ocean.
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